A building inspection takes place to determine the structural integrity of the building. Generally two inspections are conducted; if there are problems that show up on the first inspection (and there often are) a fair period of time is allowed for them to be remedied and then a second inspection takes place. An official building inspection is generally performed by a city, township or county employee who is certified in one or more disciplines.

Sometimes several inspections are called for if a structure in the process of being built is very large and there are vast installations in each category. In such cases, separate specialists may be called in to inspect different portions of the building such as plumbing, electrical or mechanical at varying stages of completion to ensure that the building meets all applicable codes. This can include additions or exterior features such as swimming pools or detached garages or workshops.

Private building inspectors are occasionally employed to inspect houses under build to provide a preliminary report as to whether the building is up to code or not, or as part of a home inspection in relation to a sale of the property. These inspectors must be certified by the local governing body if the inspection is to be used in a legal binding contract.

Building inspectors will conduct a complete walkthrough of the structure, note any problems, and present advice on how to remedy situations that cause the building to not pass. In the case of older structures, a 'dilapidation' report may be issued with a listing of issues and suggestions for fixing them. These should be implemented with as little disruption to the surrounding area as possible, and no destruction of adjoining properties should result.

The following checklist comprises some of the main items that will be reviewed by a building inspector, along with suggestions of what professionals to hire to ensure proper remedial action is taken so the final inspection will result in a pass.